• Freshmeat.net a lot of information about applications running under Linux. Searchable and also available as a newsletter.

• Simple End User Linux "SEUL is a volunteer project to help Linux become an operating system that the average user can install and operate easily. Currently SEUL is working on the non-technical aspects of bringing Linux to end-users -- Linux in education, advocacy documents, managing and coordinating communications between projects, coordinating feedback from end-users, and hosting related development projects."

• The Linux Lab "project is intended to help people with development of data collection and process control software for LINUX. It should be in understood as software and knowledge pool for interested people and application developers dealing with this stuff in educational or industrial environment."

• Eazel "intends to help make Linux the desktop of choice for millions of people. To achieve this, we are creating next generation user interface software and services designed to make Linux easier to use."

• SAS System for Linux This is not open source, but is designed to run on RedHat 6.2 on the Intel platform.

• Percent of Debian Linux apps successfuly compiled for different CPU architectures.

• NILFS "New Implementation of a Log-structured File System ... developed for the Linux kernel 2.6." "A log-structured file system has the characteristic that all file system data including metadata is written in a log-like format."

• the GIMP "The GIMP is the GNU Image Manipulation Program. It is a freely distributed piece of software suitable for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring." Available for Linux, Unix, Mac OSX and Windows.

  Also see Gimp-savvy.com in the Books section.

• Paint.NET " is free image and photo editing software for PCs that run Windows."

• Inkscape "An Open Source vector graphics editor, with capabilities similar to Illustrator, CorelDraw, or Xara X, using the W3C standard Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file format."

• OpenGL High Performance 2D/3D Graphics

• Synfig Studio "Synfig Studio is a free and open-source 2D animation software" Available for Windows, Linux and Mac OSX.

• Perl - a scripting language
  • The Source for Perl
  • Perl mongers "a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to establish Perl user groups."

• Python a very-high-level interpreted language.

• A+ a programming language (with roots in APL)

• Rexx - IBM withdrew Object Rexx from marketing, and transferred Object Rexx OORexx to the control of RexxLA as an Open Source project. This is supposed to handle both classic REXX format and the object format.

• Java Now at Oracle.
  • OpenJDK "collaborate on the open-source JDK, an implementation of the Java Platform"

• OSCR an Open Source Course Reserve system for a library.

• --> MyLibrary@NCState is/was an Open Source "user-driven customizable interface to a library's collection of information tools" Mailing List on MyLibrary development and the development of personalized library interfaces. Some Information is available. -- A description , or search for mylibrary and Eric Lease Morgan.

• DSpace a digital repository created to capture, distribute and preserve the intellectual output of MIT - source is Java for Unix (theoretically will run on anything) and is available under the BSD distribution license.

• The Fedora Project An Open-Source Digital Repository Management System. From U. of Virginia Library and Cornell. Distributed under the Mozilla Public License.

• Greenstone "is a suite of software for building and distributing digital library collections." from the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato and is available under the GNU GPL.

• EPrints Self-Archiving and Open Archives. Distributed under the GPL.

• OAI Open Archives Initiative. Metadata standards for web-accessible material.

• Greenstone "is a suite of software for building and distributing digital library collections." Distributed under the GPL.

• VuFind "is a library resource portal designed and developed for libraries by libraries. The goal of VuFind is to enable your users to search and browse through all of your library's resources by replacing the traditional OPAC"

• LibraryFind "an open source metasearch application"

• Omeka "is a web platform for publishing collections and exhibitions online."

• IDEs and GUIs for x86-win32 GCC (From the GNU Win32 related projects page)

• Guide to Window Managers for X a "guide to window managers and desktop environments for The X Window System, as used mainly by Linux and UNIX operating systems." (also Desktops)

• KDE The K Desktop Environment, an office suite, an integrated development environment, etc.

• GNOME GNU Network Model Environment. "The GNOME project intends to build a complete, easy-to-use desktop environment for the user, and a powerful application framework for the software developer."

• The XFree86 Project X Window System, especially for Intel x86-based platforms.

• Sun opens source code for Star Office. The source and the Open Office Suite are available from the

• OpenOffice project. Version 2.0 includes components for: Database, Presentation, Spreadsheet, Word Processor, Graphics and Equation Editing. "Easy to use and fluidly interoperable with every major office suite, OpenOffice.org 2.0 realises the potential of open source."
  Blank label templates From Worldlabel - for v1.1x and 2.0, for many label sizes and shapes
  StarOffice Users Group Portal
  Purchase and Download StarOffice 7 application suite.

• NeoOffice "a free software port of OpenOffice.org to the MacOS X platform.

• Also see KDE above.

• Word Processing - AbiWord "is a free word processing program ... It is suitable for typing papers, letters, reports, memos, and so forth."

• IBM joined OpenOffice.org and has made its Lotus Symphony software available for download at no charge.

• pdfcreator "The free pdf creator"

• pdfarchitect "PDF creation, markup, editing."

• Scribus "is an Open Source program that brings professional page layout to Linux, ..., Mac OS X, ..., and Windows desktops"

• Mozilla

• Firefox

• MySQL database management system

• Ingres Enterprise Relational database - released under CA "Trusted Open Source License"

• "Brackets "isn't ready for general use yet. It's still early in development, is missing a lot of basic editor features, and probably has bugs. That said, we've actually been using Brackets to develop Brackets for awhile now, so what's there is reasonably stable." WYSIWYG

• Bluefish "is a powerful editor targeted towards programmers and webdevelopers, with many options to write websites, scripts and programming code. Bluefish supports many programming and markup languages." WYSIWYG

• KompoZer was a WYSIWYG web page editor "last stable release was in 2007, and the last Beta (development version) was released in February 2010." A short story of its life and a brief description of other editors is at What Happened to KompoZer.net?

• BlueGriffon "is a new WYSIWYG content editor for the World Wide Web. Powered by Gecko, the rendering engine of Firefox, it's a modern and robust solution to edit Web pages in conformance to the latest Web Standards. WYSIWYG Available on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.

• Amaya "is a Web editor, i.e. a tool used to create and update documents directly on the Web." WYSIWYG

• NetBeans IDE "Quickly and easily develop desktop, mobile and web applications with Java, HTML5, PHP, C/C++ and more."

• HTML-Kit "is a full-featured editor for markup and code, optimized for web development." Not Open Source, but previous version available for free.

• Aptana Studio 3 "The professional, open source development tool for the open web"

• PSPad "a freeware code editor"

Much more information about Web standards, etc. is available at the World Wide Web Consortium - W3C

• Project Gutenberg Over 2,500 books (mostly public domain) in Ascii format. Comprising:
  
  • "Light Literature; such as Alice in Wonderland, Through the Looking-Glass, Peter Pan, Aesop's Fables, etc.
  • Heavy Literature; such as the Bible or other religious documents, Shakespeare, Moby Dick, Paradise Lost, etc.
  • References; such as Roget's Thesaurus, almanacs, and a set of encyclopedia, dictionaries, etc."
• The Harvey Project "An international collaboration of educators, researchers, physicians, students, programmers, instructional designers and graphic artists working together to build a highly interactive human physiology course on the Web. Materials produced by the Harvey Project will be made freely available to any educational institution." It is migrating to OpenCourse.org which is "a free collaboration platform for educators."
  
  • The Harvey Project: Open Course Development and Rich Content pp. 185-194 in: Cases on Information Technology in Higher Education, Lisa Petrides, editor. Idea Group Publishing Co. Hershey, PA.
    
  • by Robert Stephenson An unpublished proposal to create an umbrella organization to promote and facilitate open course collaborations

• The Open Science Project "is dedicated to writing and releasing free and Open Source scientific software. We are a group of scientists, mathematicians and engineers who want to encourage a collaborative environment in which science can be pursued by anyone who is inspired to discover something new about the natural world."

• Softpanorama: (slightly skeptical) Open Source Software Educational Society. "The mission of Softpanorama Open Source University is to provide a educational materials to schools and universities to serve as a source for the independent study of OSS in both Linux and Windows environments and this way extend the frontiers of the use of the open source software."

• Free Online Scholarship (FOS) Discussion and advocacy of the position, "Scholarly literature ought to be free and online."

• MIT OpenCourseWare "free, open, publication of MIT Course Materials"

• OpenCourseWare initial phase at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

• Open Learning Initiative (OLI) Carnegie Mellon University

• Sharing of Free Intellectual Assets (SOFIA) Foothill - De Anza Community College District "Modeled after MIT's OpenCourseWare Initiative"

• OpenCourseWare at Utah State University Open Learning Support "a free and open resource for faculty, students, and self-learners around the world."

• OpenCourseWare Consortium "a collaboration of more than 100 higher education institutions and associated organizations from around the world creating a broad and deep body of open educational content using a shared model."

• MERLOT II "is a free and open peer reviewed collection of online teaching and learning materials and faculty-developed services contributed and used by an international education community."
  Similar resources in other countries:
  • ESA Education Services Australia
  • ARIADNE the European Knowledge Pool
  • CanOpenER Canadian Open Source Education and Research
  • Facilitating Learning Charles Darwin U
  • Learning and Teaching Resources Victoria, AU Dept. of Ed. and Early Childhood Development
  • Teacher Resources InformED - Open Colleges

• Managing the Digital Enterprise Open Courseware - Professor Michael Rappa
  
• Consortium for the Advancement of Undergraduate Statistics Education

• The R Project for Statistical Computing "R is a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics." for unix/linux, Windows and MacOSX.
  • Revolution Analytics delivers enhanced versions built on R. Some are at no cost to academia.

• "jamovi is a new '3rd generation' statistical spreadsheet. designed from the ground up to be easy to use, jamovi is a compelling alternative to costly statistical products such as SPSS and SAS." It's "built on top of the R statistical language"

• "PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a Free replacement for the proprietary program SPSS, and appears very similar to it ..."

• "JASP, a low fat alternative to SPSS, a delicious alternative to R. Bayesian statistics made accessible."

• BlueSky "Provides familiar powerful user interface available in mainstream statistical applications like SPSS, SAS etc." There is a Open Source version, and a more powerful proprietary version.

• National Science Digital Library "provides high quality online educational resources for teaching and learning, with current emphasis on the sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines"

• Mathematics Encyclopedia by PlanetMath

• Swahili Dictionary The KAMUSI Project.    
• The Open Library "website was created by the Internet Archive to demonstrate a way that books can be represented online. The vision is to create free web access to important book collections from around the world." The Internet Archive is a member of the Open Content Alliance.

• Google's Book Search Beta version. "Search the full text of books to find ones that interest you and learn where to buy or borrow them." Controversial because many books under copyright are included, although full text is provided only for out of copyright books.

• Biodiversity Data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)

• Science Commons "Our goal is to encourage stakeholders to create areas of free access and inquiry using standardized licenses and other means; a 'Science Commons' built out of voluntary private agreements."

• Baen's Free Library The noted Science Fiction publisher, Baen's Books, has a significant number of its books available on the web - free. The philosophy behind this action of a commercial publisher and the authors is interesting.

• Deep Blue open access to research at U. of Mich.

• Introduction to Probability by Charles M. Grinstead and J. Laurie Snell. "We would be happy to provide the solutions to all of the exercises to instructors of courses that use this book."

• Curriki"a free and open library of digital learning resources, Open Educational Resources (OER)"

• Online College Classes "A collection of college courses and educational material from around the web." with an emphasis on Open and free educational resources

• Open Textbook Library "Open textbooks are complete textbooks released under a Creative Commons, or similar, license." and this project includes having these textbooks reviewed by faculty.

• OpenStax "the world's largest publisher of free, open education resources" "high-quality, peer-reviewed, openly licensed college textbooks that are absolutely free online and low cost in print. (Part of Rice Univ.)

• Lumen Learning "we help institutions transition high-enrollment courses to open educational resources and then reap the benefits for their students, faculty and campus communities"

• Math Textbooks - Free - in no particular order
  Number Theory In Context and Interactive by Karl-Dieter Crisman
  Graph Theory by Reinhard Diestel
  Classical Real Analysis several books
  many books listed by the American Institute of Mathematics
  many books listed by the London Mathematical Society
  Differential Equations
  Practical Optimization: A Gentle Introduction by John W. Chinneck
  Finance, Statistics, and Linear Programming Modules (which run in Excel) by Dan DuPort

• Security Clearances - resources & info from CyberDegrees.org and they also list various jobs in Cyber Security.
• Cybersecurity info from Cybersesecurityguide.org: a Career Guide , a Resource Center, and a Degree Center.
• Online Master's Degree Programs in Information and Network Security with a variety of career information in the menu on the left side of the page.
• More on Cybersecurity jobs/careers

• Open SUNY Textbooks "is an open access textbook publishing initiative established by State University of New York libraries"

• Faculty Guide to OERs Guide to Open Educational Resources from NC State Univ.

• Introduction to Data Science Many readings, not all Open Source, for this course at NC State Univ. Depts. of Statistics and Computer Science

• The B.C. Open Textbook Project A goal is to make "available openly-licensed textbooks in the highest-enrolled academic subject areas." Note: some of the textbooks listed are published by other open source groups.

• Jorum a retired site collecting Open Educational Resources - with some links to content.

  |STAT Manual "Free Data Analysis Programs" These are a group of stand-alone statistical analysis programs which lend themselves to "piping" the output of one into the intput of another. The source code doesn't seem to be available, but several of them are available as |STAT Web Forms and since there is very little procedure to learn to use them, they are very convenient for teaching introductory statistics.

• arXiv.org e-Print archive "Open e-print archive with over 100000 articles in physics, 10000 in mathematics, and 1000 in computer science."

• bioRxiv "The preprint server for biology"

• SageMath "is a free open-source mathematics software system" A free textbook/manual is available online.

• Smithsonian releases 2.8 million images into the public domain at Open Access

• Guide to Open-Source Tools & Libraries for Data Science and Machine Learning This link is where you request this guide.

• Humanities Commons "the network for people working in the humanities. Discover the latest open-access scholarship and teaching materials, make interdisciplinary connections, build a WordPress Web site, ..."

• Student Research Resources covers many open resources

• Spreadsheet Tutorials
  • Excel Tutorial - free but not Open Source and with ads. Very detailed, step by step.
  • Master the Use of Excel Free tutorials covering many aspects of Excel use, aimed at beginner and intermediate users. (not Open Source)
  • Excel and Google Sheets Tutorials Free, but not Open Source

• Sites with material on learning Finance and related areas - Perhaps all free. Not Open Source.
  • "Learn & Master Finance & Accounting with 4500+ Step by Step Guides & Resources"
  • Excel Resources Self study guides and other resources
  • Resources on Finance, Data Science, Software Development, Project Management, Marketing, Design, Communication and more.

Note that the Creative Commons Attribution License (see Licenses section) is often used.
• "Open But Not Free: An Overview of Scholarly Publishing and the Open Access Movement" includes many links

• Open Access Overview "Focusing on open access to peer-reviewed research articles and their preprints"

• "Do Open-Access Articles Have a Greater Research Impact? by Kristin Antelman

• PLoS "The Public Library of Science (PLoS) is a non-profit organization of scientists and physicians committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature a freely available public resource." It publishes 5 journals.
  Discussion with Harold Varmus Nobel Laureate and cofounder of PLoS.

• Nucleic Acids Research Open Access Experiment An Editorial discusses this decision by Oxford University Press and the Editors of NAR.

• Enhanced Public Access to NIH Research Information a draft proposal to provide free access (after a delay) to articles arising from NIH sponsored research.

• BC Electronic Library Network Open Access & Other Freely Available Collections

• Open-Access Journals Flourish from Wired News

• The Register reports on
  • a Dutch project DANS "The gateway to scholarly information in the Netherlands" which appears to be the successor of DARE which now at the University of Amsterdam.
  • Budapest Open Access Initiative

• OJS "Open Journal Systems (OJS) is a journal management and publishing system that has been developed by the Public Knowledge Project through its [Canadian] federally funded efforts to expand and improve access to research."

• Libertas Academica "established in 2004 to promote and expand Open Access to scientific, technical and medical information."
  Publishes Cancer Informatics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online

• The facts about Open Access "A study of the financial and non-financial effects of alternative business models for scholarly journals" from the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers. The complete report can be downloaded at no charge.

• Open Source Digital Rights Management a Wired News article. This is not a spoof! Sun Labs' Project DReaM and the Open Media Commons is working on "open, royalty-free digital rights management and codec standards."

• Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles "OA is likely to benefit science by accelerating dissemination and uptake of research findings."

• Sherpa Romeo "aggregates and analyses publisher open access policies from around the world and provides summaries of publisher copyright and open access archiving policies."
• MediaCommons - planning for "a new kind of media studies press for the digital age"

• American Society for Cell Biology says "free access and profitability are not mutually exclusive."

• The Ohio State University Press Open Access Initiative Over 60 of its books.

• EdITLib Digital Library for Information Technology and Education

• Public Library of Law "the largest free law library in the world"

• AltLaw "provides the first free, full-text searchable database of Supreme Court and Federal Appellate case reports."

• PreCYdent "open law source"

• Public.Resource.org law library

• "Harvard University's arts and sciences faculty approved a plan ... that will post finished academic papers online free," ...

• "Bringing together the best scholarship from across the web, producing vital, open publications scholarly communities can gather around."

• Guide to Open Access Journals

• SCI-Hub which was at http://sci-hub.bz/ and is no longer there described itself as "the first pirate website in the world to provide mass and public access to tens of millions of research papers" Note: While this is "open" it isn't Open Source. There are major legal disputes concerning this site and it has had to change its domain several times as a result of being blocked. A summary of the legal situation is at Wikipedia. This may be its new location. Or maybe it's this? You should be able to find it by searching if that doesn't work.

• Linked Open Data

• OER Commons "is a public digital library of open educational resources."

• OER Digest "bi-weekly newsletter for open education updates,..."

• Metasploit Framework This is Open Source, but Rapid7 also provides a proprietary version with additional features. Wikipedia provides an overview.

• BeEF "is short for The Browser Exploitation Framework. It is a penetration testing tool that focuses on the web browser."

• Inguma A penetration testing toolkit written in python

• Kali Linux A Linux release which includes a large variety of penetration testing software.

• Nmap ("Network Mapper") "is a free and open source utility for network discovery and security auditing."

• OpenVAS vulnerabililty scanning and managing

• sqlmap "is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over of database servers."

• sqlninja "a SQL Server injection & takeover tool"

• Wireshark a network protocol manager

• Open Source Black Box Testing tools from the OWASP Testing Gide v4. (a major resource)

• Security test tools 21 of them

• "Open Source Tools for Evaluating and Inspecting Web Accessibility"

• "aXe is a free, open-source accessibility testing tool that runs right in your web browser"

• "The Functional Accessibility Evaluator (FAE) evaluates a website or a single web page based on the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Level A and AA requirements,". The source is available.

• A page (blog?) by Kendell Clark who has been trying to improve accessibility for 8 Open Source projects.

• NVDA '(NonVisual Desktop Access) is a free "screen reader"' (assistive technology)

• Orca A Linux-based screen reader

• WAVE "web accessibility evaluation tool"

• SIL Open Font License (OFL) "license specifically designed for fonts and related software" An interesting area which benefits from a specialized license.

• OpenDyslexic: A typeface for Dyslexia Uses the SIL-OFL license.

• LimeSurvey

• JD Esurvey

• TellForm

• Survey^TM Project

• Open Source Survey

• Open Data Kit (ODK)

• Typeform

• Quick Survey Relatively simple. No longer maintained.

• Moodle modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment - "Moodle is a software package for producing internet-based courses and web sites" and "is an ongoing research and development project designed to support a social constructionist pedagogy for students, teachers and developers." Release 3.1 is scheduled for release in May 2016. This site includes some demonstration courses. Commercial support is available.
  An interesting development with respect to commercial support is the acquisition of two of the leading Moodle support providers by Blackboard, the leading commercial LMS provider.

• The Open Knowledge Initiative (OKI) The result of this collaboration is an open and extensible architecture that specifies how the components of an educational software environment communicate with each other and with other enterprise systems. O.K.I. provides a modular development platform for building both traditional and innovative applications while leveraging existing and future infrastructure technologies.

• CHEF Initiative The CompreHensive collaborativE Framework (CHEF) initiative has as its goal, the development of a flexible environment for supporting distance learning and collaborative work, and doing research on distance learning and collaborative work. ... working closely with and are contributing to the OKI reference architecture, and are collaborating with other groups interested in open source collaboration standards." It is being used in the

• Sakai Project "to integrate and synchronize ... educational software into a pre-integrated collection of open source tools."

• OpenSeminar "OpenSeminar is an open courseware platform that enables professors from different universities to work collaboratively to create an online seminar and then customize it to the needs of their own students." (or they could be on the same campus :-)

• Lessons from Open Source: Intellectual Property and Courseware

• Open Source Portfolio Initiative OSP - an electronic portfolio content management system oriented to educational uses - now part of Sakai

• ATutor "is an Open Source Web-based Learning Content Management System (LCMS) designed with accessibility and adaptability in mind. ..."

• Blackboard's new broad U.S. Patent No. 6,988,138 has caused considerable concern in the Open Source Learning Management System community. Educause took a strong position emphasizing their concerns in an Oct. 2006 letter. Blackboard, on Feb. 1, 2007 announced a non-assertion patent pledge with respect to "open source software or home-grown course management systems" which are not bundled with proprietary software. (This link has links to the patent and much other material.) Educause's response is positive with strong reservations.

• Xerte "a full suite of open source tools for elearning developers and content authors producing interactive learning materials."

• Open Source in the 21st Century "Just as the end of the 19th century was marked by the genesis of industrial production methods, the end of the 20th century has seen the equally revolutionary open source methods just begin to generate steam. What does the future hold for open source? The answer is up for grabs, but in an attempt to provide a forecast, Wide Open News put that question to an array of luminaries looking to the horizon. Big thinkers like historian George Dyson and futurist Paul Saffo tell us why open source is not so new, the hurdles it faces in the future, and more." (quoted from the former WideOpen magazine)

• Free Software discussion by GNU and the Free Software Foundation There is extensive discussion at this site.

• European working group on libre [Open Source] software "The working group on libre software was created at the initiative of the Information Society Directorate General, with the purpose to analyze the free software phenomenon, create a set of recommendations for the Community and create a paper to be presented to the Commission. The group featured both people from the Commission and representative members from the EU countries.

  After several meeting, the group finalized a paper, edited by Carlo Daffara and Jeszs M. Gonzalez-Barahona and presented at the IST'99 conference in Helsinki, during the special session track on libre software. The 1.0 version (work-in-progress) of the paper is available for download ..." (see Abstract)

• The Case for Government Promotion of Open Source Software A NetAction White Paper by Mitch Stolz. "An alternative method of software development, called open source software, creates robust, secure software through a process of widespread peer review. This paper explains the open source concept and attempts to show how government can use open source as a vehicle for promoting economic development and as a policy tool which could assist the Justice Department in its antitrust action against Microsoft." Definitions, history, recommendations and links.

• OpenSource.org The Open Source Initiative" is a non-profit corporation dedicated to managing and promoting the Open Source Definition for the good of the community". Links to many discussions and presentations.

• open source IT "info on software tools and products in the open source arena" and other news and discussion.

• O'Reilly Open Source Convention July, 2001. Includes Craig Mundie's (he's a Microsoft Senior VP) prepared remarks.

• The Internet Under Siege by Lawrence Lessig "Who owns the Internet? Until recently, nobody. That's because, although the Internet was "Made in the U.S.A.," its unique design transformed it into a resource for innovation that anyone in the world could use. Today, however, courts and corporations are attempting to wall off portions of cyberspace. In so doing, they are destroying the Internet's potential to foster democracy and economic growth worldwide."

• Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig "consider[s] the diminishment of the larger public domain of ideas. In this powerful wake-up call he shows how short-sighted interests blind to the long-term damage they're inflicting are poisoning the ecosystem that fosters innovation." This book is available in print, and as a free download under a Creative Commons licens. An
• Free as in Freedom - Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software By Sam Williams.

• Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS)? Look at the Numbers! by David A. Wheeler.

• Mandating Open Source an "Open Source Software" bill in Oregon "would mandate that any state government agency consider open-source software for all new software acquisitions and make purchasing decisions based on a "value-for-money basis." Moreover, under the act, state workers would have to avoid buying products that don't comply with open standards."

• Open Source Summit: Public Interest & Policy Issues at Georgetowne U., 2002

• Inside the open-source development model Programmers contribute to free software and open-source projects for many reasons--"

• Free / Open Source Research Community (F/OSS) Online papers, announcements, and more.

• How Microsoft's Misunderstanding of Open Source Hurts Us All by Robert X. Cringely
• Microsoft embraces open source -- to a point

• The Art of Unix Programming by Eric Steven Raymond. (The paper edition is available from Amazon, among other sellers.) (From the Preface: This book has a lot of knowledge in it, but it is mainly about expertise. It is going to try to teach you the things about Unix development that Unix experts know, but aren't aware that they know. It is therefore less about technicalia and more about shared culture than most Unix books - both explicit and implicit culture, both conscious and unconscious traditions. It is not a `how-to' book, it is a `why-to' book.) While the topic of this book isn't Open Source, it does deal extensively with the culture of Open Source, which is not strange since much of the Open Source movement has come from the Unix community.

• Free and open source software activities in European Information Society initiatives

• Linux/Open Source Channel Discussion and information.

• The Open Source Software Portal Open Technology

• Slashdot "News for Nerds, Stuff that Matters" Lots of news including Open Source topics.

• NCSU TLTR Teaching, Learning & Technology Roundtable - some discussion of Open Source.

• The Open Source Applications Portal BeOpen.com

• Eric Steven Raymond's Home Page The personal site of a maintainer of "quite a lot of open-source software, FAQs, and HTML documents" and the author of "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" This is his "analysis of how and why the Linux development model works"

• Open Source / Open Science Conference 1999 at Brookhaven National Labs

• Linux Today Linux news

• AFUL Association Francophone des Utilisateurs de Linux et des Logiciels Libres

• Free software for all by Bernard Lang (1998)

• MyOpen Source Malaysian Open Source Group

• TUX "Tux.Org, Incorporated is a nonprofit organization providing resources for the development, support, and education needs of openly developed software." (many links)

• OASIS "the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards, is a nonprofit, international consortium dedicated to accelerating the adoption of product-independent formats based on public standards. These standards include SGML, XML, HTML and CGM as well as others that are related to structured information processing. Members of OASIS are providers, users and specialists of the technologies that make these standards work in practice."

• The Gift from the Machine an old philosophical essay by Brad McCormick

• Wizards of OS (WOS)
  • Open Sources and Free Software Proceedings of the WOS #1 Conference
  • Workshop on Cyberlaw, ICANN and Software Patents

• Software in the Public Interest, Inc. "a non-profit organization which was founded to help organizations develop and distribute open hardware and software. We encourage programmers to use any license that allows for the free modification, redistribution and use of software, and hardware developers to distribute documentation that will allow device drivers to be written for their product."

• Brooks' Law and open source: The more the merrier? by Paul Jones, Director of MetaLab, UNC-CH. "Does the open source development method defy the adage about cooks in the kitchen?" Many good links.

• An Empirical Examination of 100 Mature Open Source Projects by Sandeep Krishnamurthy. While there are some well publicized OS projects developed by large communities, the vast majority are developed by one or a few developer.

• Who's Who in Open Source
  • The Open Source Who's Who
  • The Linux Magazine Who's Who

• The UNIX Philosophy by Mike Gancarz. Not technical. The same author wrote "Linux and the UNIX Philosophy" later.

• Eben Moglen articles. He is General Counsel, Free Software Foundation and Prof. of Law at Columbia U., and a number of his articles are about open source and related topics. He has a blog.
  He has led the founding and now is the Chairman of the Board of the Software Freedom Law Center (SFLC) which "provides legal representation and other law related services to protect and advance FOSS." (Free and Open Source Software)

• Is Free Software the Wave of the Future? by David S. Evans in the Milken Institute Review. An economic analysis of open source vs. proprietary software. (Click on the story in the index, and then a (free) login is required.)

• Public money, private code The drive to license academic research for profit is stifling the spread of software that could be of universal benefit.

• Open Source in Peru whether or not this letter is bogus, it raises many interesting points for discussion.

• Center for the Study of the Public Domain at Duke Law. It includes a link to an issue of Law & Contemporary Problems on "The Public Domain"

• Professor James Boyle Duke Law School (articles and links)

• SCO vs IBM, Linux, et al
  • OSI Position Paper on the SCO-vs.-IBM Complaint by Eric Raymond and Rob Landley (not working now - looking for it)
  • Novell Challenges SCO Position, Reiterates Support for Linux     Read more about it.
  • Who copied what from whom?
  • SCO: Without Fear and Without Research by Eben Moglen. An overview of SCO's legal approach.
  • SCO's Tapestry of Lies by Bruce Perens. Was Microsoft funding this? Is SCO losing everything important? Bruce thinks so.
  • SCO loses suit claiming ownership of Linux copyright.

• Anti-open source 'whitepaper' devastated a scathing review of a publication of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution (AdTI).

• Forrester Finds Linux Enterprise Ready Today "Given Forrester's numbers it's clear that big business now believes that Linux is enterprise-ready."

• Open Source 2007: How Did This Happen? by Brad Wheeler in Educause Review "Developing sustainable economics and advancing the frontiers of innovation are the dual challenges for application software in higher education."

• Achieving CAPP/EAL3+ Security Certification for Linux "As far as we know, no Open Source program has been certified for securityuntil now. Al-though some people believed that it was not possible for an Open Source program to re-ceive a security certification, we have proven otherwise by obtaining a Common Criteria se-curity certification for SuSE SLES 8 SP3." (The enterprise marketplace considers this certification to be somewhat important - but there are some ease-of-use hits.)

• The Next Wave: Liberation Technology by John M. Unsworth. "In everything from course management to big enterprise systems, universities must choose between monopolies and the open approach" An excellent discussion of the history and current status of the open source movement - emphasizing software relevant to higher education.

• Open Source Is the Answer. Now What Was the Question? by Gregory A. Jackson. This essay discusses the benefits and costs of open source vs. proprietary software - and has a clear discussion of the costs of "free" software.

• Munich is adopting Linux and other open-source software for its public administration

• Bruce Perens: When open source makes sense

• Linux Inc. BusinessWeek Online story about Linux Torvalds and how he has changed his leadership of Linux development over the past five years, and about the relationships with the corporate world.

• Righting Copyright Fair use and "digital environmentalism" by Robert S. Boynton. Copyright has been grabbing more and more rights of the public, and this trend is now being opposed by the new "digital environmentalists".

• The Fair Use Network "How much can you borrow, quote or copy from someone else's work?"

• Documentation Issues from OSS Watch
  Open Source Licenses and Discussion
• Open Source Licenses
  • GNU General Public License (GPL) the best known Open Source license (now v3)
    Free / Open Source Research Community (F/OSS) Online papers, announcements, etc.
    
    • On the Legality of the GPL
    • In Defense of Copyleft
    • "revise and update the GNU General Public License, from version 2 to version 3."
  • GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) for manuals, books, documents - this license is used by the Wikipedia.
  • X license from MIT
    • MIT Kerberos for Macintosh License a similar license
  • The Approved Licenses of The Open Source Initiative - an index of many licenses
    
  • Mozilla & Netscape Public Licenses and a FAQ comparing some of the common Open Source licenses.
    
  • OpenContent covers open licensing of non-executable content.
    Open Publication License Draft v1.0 (used by Debian)
    
  • Open Source License (MacBird)
    
  • An Author's Open Source License version 1.0 (click on License Agreement on the Coyote Gulch page) This agreement "is a modified version of the 'Artistic License', as provided by opensource.org."
    
  • QPL Open Source License
    
  • GOSL The GALEN Open Source License Version 1.0
    
  • The Apache Software License Version 2.0
    
  • Combining licenses, e.g. Perl's use of two alternates
  • Sendmail license and discussion
  • BSD License
  • Common Public License (CPL) by IBM v 1.0 FAQ which includes discussion of the IBM Public License (IPL)
  • IBM Public License Version 1.0
    
  • LaTeX Project Public License "is the primary license under which the the LaTeX kernel and the base LaTeX packages are distributed."
  • Computer Associates (CA) Trusted Open Source License (CATSOL or CA-TSOL) A reciprocal license said to be similar to that of Apache's.

• Not Quite Open Source Licenses
  • Microsoft's "Shared Source" License
    
  • Creative Commons Create, License, Share
  • Ghostscript License"AGPL Ghostscript is provided under the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL), as well as under an Artifex commercial license."
  • Aladdin Free Public License "This License is not the same as any of the GNU Licenses published by the Free Software Foundation. Its terms are substantially different from those of the GNU Licenses. If you are familiar with the GNU Licenses, please read this license with extra care." ... "This License is not an Open Source license: among other things, it places restrictions on distribution of the Program, ..."

• Open Source Opens Legal Issues By Malcolm Maclachlan, TechWeb.com

• A Question of Licenses Lawrence Rosen's Geek Law column about choosing the appropriate Open Source License, "What drives the license selection process is the client's business strategy, and not the other way around."(not working - looking for it)
  
• Rosen's book: Open Source Licensing: Software Freedom and Intellectual Property Law. Also see a detailed book review by Don Rosenberg.

• Enforcing the GPL

• The OEM Software Licensing Site. Also see Don Rosenberg's book review above for a link to an online copy of his 2000 book, "Open Source: The Unauthorized White Papers".

• Finding Open options "An Open Source software evaluation model with a case study on Course Management Systems" A Thesis by Karin van den Berg

• Business Readiness Rating(TM)(BRR) "is being proposed as a new standard model for rating open source software."

• Is There Such a Thing as Free Software? The Pros and Cons of Open-Source Software A guide to evaluation.

• Comparison of free and open-source software licenses (Wikipedia)

• Marketing FOSS projects from NewsForge

• Carolina Open Source Initiative "is an organization dedicated to promoting and supporting Open Source software, principles and practices at UNC-CH." They are organizing a campus Software Freedom Day.

• Center for Open Software Engineering at NC State Univ. "performs basic research, education, and outreach to enable software technology gains and to bridge the gap between the state-of-the art and the state-of-the-practice of commercial software engineering."